第一部分 词汇理解阅读(30篇)
第一章 答题攻略
词汇理解阅读要求考生阅读一篇删去10个单词的短文,然后从所给的15个选项中选择适当的词语填充,使原文复原。文章长度在250~300词,题材多为社会生活类、文化类、教育类等。该题主要测试考生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力。解题的具体步骤如下:
1.快速浏览全文。
用1~2分钟快速浏览,把握原文大意。需要注意的是,在第一遍阅读时,不要纠结于不认识的单词,但要对空格内的单词词性有所判断。
2.分析选项单词。
用1分钟快速确定15个备选选项的单词词性,词性通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词五类。
3.仔细阅读原文。
阅读原文时,考生需把握三个原则。
第一,分析句子成分,判断每个空格处需要填写的词性。然后在选项中选出符合语法的词汇。
判断词性的原则如下:
连词前后,词性需保持一致,如名词并列:protection and conservation;形容词并列:impressive and interesting。
系动词后常用形容词,如He is awkward.(他胆小。)但此处需注意一点,常常有副词修饰形容词的情况出现,如He is socially awkward.(他有社交障碍。)
第二,理解原文大意。可将备选词汇代入原文,看是否符合意思。对于不确定的选项,可先跳过,阅读下文,部分空格所填的词需要联系上下文才能得出。最终选出既符合语法结构要求,又符合原文大意的选项。
第三,在确定选项后,可在方框中将其划掉,方便后面的判断。
4.回顾原文。
最后,将选项代入原文再检查一遍,看选项是否符合原文大意与所在句的语法。
因此,这就要求考生在平时注意词汇的积累,尤其是近义词的记忆。其次,在平时多分析长难句的语法结构。英语句子结构呈形合状,即通过借助形式手段,如各种词形与句型变化来表达思想。所以,考生平时需要多阅读原版英语文章,遇到长难句,分析其语法结构,判断主干,熟悉插入语、从句、被动语态等语法结构的用法。
接下来,以下文为例,探讨该题型的解题方法及规律。
In the past 12 months, Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect, leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.
The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria’s largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of 1 . The in- sect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 2 on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks. It 3 incredibly quickly, breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. It is believed to have 4 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.
In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets, the insect’s effects are devas-tating. Retail prices for a 5 of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0.50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has 6 production due to the shortages.
Given the moth’s ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria’s minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may “create serious problems for food 7 ” in the country. Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely 8 until now.
Despite being the continent’s second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 9 on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year, as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 10 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.
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