2019年12月英语六级阅读模拟训练 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors
arc formed.It's not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is
not. or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of
question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and
exhibits certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct
schools of thought on thee matter have developed. As one might expect the two
approaches are very different from one another. and there is a great deal of
debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently
referred to as"nature/nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our
personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and
genetic factor. That our environment has little. if anything to do with our
abilities. characteristics. and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an
extreme, this theory Maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a
great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called.
behaviorists. claim that our environment is more important than our biologically
based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being
whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of
the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines. humans
respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications or these two theories are profound.
In the United Stares, for example, blacks often score below whites on
standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude
that blacks are genetically interior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast. say
that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often
deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that
white enjoy. and that. as a result. they do not develop the same responses that
whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it
is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two
extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
【试题】
1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the
problem__________________.
A) why one's behaviors differ from others'
B) what makes different stages of intelligence
C) how social scientists form different theories
D) what causes the "nature/nurture" controversy
2. The word "proponents" can best be replaced by _____.
A) approaches B) advocates C) principles D) characters
3. Which of the following statements may be supported by the "nature"
school?
A) We are born will certain personalities and behaviors.
B) Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C) Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors.
D) Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct.
4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A) They believe human beings are mechanical.
B) They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C) They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D) They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as
well.
5. The "nature” theorists believe that the blacks' low
scores____________.
A) are the result of the educational disadvantages
B) are a manifestation of the blacks' poor intelligence
C) have nothing to do with their true intelligence
D) have nothing to do will factors other than heredity
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