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2017年12月大学英语六级考试CET6第二套阅读真题及参考答案(沪江网校版)

作者:沪江网校    文章来源:新都教育    点击数:    更新时间:2017/12/16

    [J] The time investment can present other problems. In some cases, says data scientist Karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues—many of whom head selection and promotion committees—might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. ”I’ve heard this recently — that embracing the idea of open data and code makes traditional academics uncomfortable.” says Ram, “The concern seems to be that open advocates don’t spend their time being as productive as possible.”
    [K] An open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. Kate Ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the University of Florida, Gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field — those who care about open science and those who don’t. “There’s a new area to navigate — ‘Are you cool with the fact that I’ll want to make the data open?’ — when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea,” she says.
    [L] Despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. For example, when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier (DOI) is assigned. Scientists can use a DOI to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations — one each for the data and software, in addition to the paper itself. And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia, they can have other benefits.
    [M]Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. “This is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it, while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃),”says Ivo Grigorov, a project coordinator at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund, Denmark. Hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think, “The two cases I’m familiar with didn’t involve open data or code.” he says.
    [N]Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gaining better access to crucial data. Ross Mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge, UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil-based research depends on access to others’ data. He says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-career scientists’ requests for data.
    [O]Communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says. Concerns about open science should be discussed at the outset of a study. “Whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them,” he says.
    [P]In the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early-career researcher to gain recognition — a crucial component of success. “The thing you are searching for is reputation,” says Titus Brown, a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the University of California, Davis. “To get grants and jobs, you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. Anything you do that advances you presence — especially in a larger sphere, outside the communities you know — is a net win.”
    36. Astronomer David Hogg doesn’t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.
    37. Some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them.
    38. Some psychology journals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.
    39. There is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.
    40. Sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation.
    41. Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations.
    42. Scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing.
    43. Potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project.
    44. Sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming.
    45. Junior researchers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.
    答案
    [M] 36. Astronomer David Hogg doesn’t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.
    [G] 37. Some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them.
    [D] 38. Some psychology journals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.
    [A] 39. There is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.
    [P] 40. Sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation.
    [L] 41. Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations.
    [B] 42. Scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing.
    [O] 43. Potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project.
    [I] 44. Sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming.
    [F] 45. Junior researchers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.

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