Part B
Directions:
Reading the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corre- sponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The typical picture of a corporate highflier is someone who survives on very little sleep. He or she rises when it is still dark, works late and is still answering emails at two o’clock in the morning. Such people do exist, of course. The late British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, for example, was famous for operating on a few hours’ sleep. Some entrepreneurs and Wall Street traders seem to follow suit.
But if you think you need to do the same thing to get ahead, think again. A growing body of re- search is finding that, on the contrary, those who get a good night’s sleep are usually more produc- tive at work. That’s because sleep doesn’t just rest the brain, say medical specialists. It allows the brain to perform vital maintenance and restoration tasks. Brains that get too little sleep simply can- not perform as well as those that are rested. “There’s no doubt that sleep deprivation affects job per- formance,” says the Detroit Medical Center’s Safwan Badr. “The evidence is compelling that when you do not get enough sleep ... you are not as productive.”
Investors should also take heed: Numerous studies have found that those running on too little sleep tend to make poorer investment decisions and take needless risks as well. Charles Czeisler, a sleep specialist at Brigham & Women’s Hospital in Boston, agrees. “Missing a night’s sleep de- grades our neurobehavioral performance”—that is, our mental acuity—“by the equivalent to being legally drunk,” he says. And, he warns, this doesn’t only apply if you miss one night’s sleep com- pletely;you’ll see similar effects if you simply sleep too little each night over time.
For the first time, new research has attempted to put some numbers on the link between more Zzzs and more Benjamins. Matthew Gibson, graduate researcher in the economics department of the University of California, San Diego, compared wage data with sleep times recorded in the U.S. Cen- sus Bureau’s American Time Use Survey. His conclusion: For those who are sleeping too little, “a onehour increase in longrun average sleep increases wages by 16%, equivalent to more than a year of schooling.”
Adults need eight hours of sleep on average, experts say. There is some variation between indi- viduals. But when we are tired, we find it much harder to think innovatively and to make creative leaps, say researchers. We find it harder to adapt our thinking to new information or to learn new lessons. Consider: At England’s Loughborough University in 1999, researchers Yvonne Harrison tested the effects of sleep deprivation on a small group of healthy young participants. They were giv- en complex business-situation tasks in the form of a game, as well as some critical reading tasks. Those who went short on sleep were able to keep up with the reading, they found. But when it came to the complex game, “their play collapsed,” they Reported.
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