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2022考研英语阅读:如何处理"It"句中指代词?

http://www.newdu.com 参加讨论 2021/1/14


    一、It做形式主语
    在英语当中,当动词不定时、名词短语或者从句在句中当中充当主语时,因为内容过长而显得头重脚轻,因此将it置于谓语动词之前作为形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子后半部分,这就叫做it做形式主语。
    例1 ...it could be argued that it is advisable to follow the FSA advice.(2020年考研英语一 完形填空)
    “it”作形式主句,真正的主语应该是“that”引导的主语从句,本句可改为“that it is advisable to follow the FSA advice could be argued”;除此之外主语从句中依然包含了同样的结构,“it”做形式主语,主语从句中的真正主语应该是动词不定式“to follow the FSA advice”。因此在分析句子结构时,应该重点关注“it”究竟指代是什么成分。
    例2 It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.(2020年考研英语一 完形填空)
    本句中的真正主语应该是动词不定式“to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.”,其中“it”是形式主语放在表语之前指代动词不定式结构。此外,“that”引导句宾语从句做动词不定式中call的宾语。
    例3 It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.(2020年考研英语一 翻译)
    本句中的“it”做形式主语,指代真正的主语“to go forth and seek out the truth”,又用which引导了定语从句对“truth”进行修饰,因此,句子主干为“to go forth and seek out the truth is the purpose and responsibility of great minds”。
    例4 ...it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue(2020年考研英语二 翻译)
    本句结构相对比较简单,“it”做形式主语,指代真正的主语,即动词不定式“to keep in mind”,“that”引导了宾语从句做“keep ...in mind”的宾语。本句的句子主干为“to keep in mind that...is important.”

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