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2020考研英语特殊结构句型的翻译

http://www.newdu.com 参加讨论 2019/11/6


    英语定语从句的译法主要涉及到限制性定语从句的译法和非限制性定语从句的译法。此外,有些英语定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语的关系,对这种定语从句的译法值得探讨。今天中公考研英语老师整理“2020考研英语特殊结构句型的翻译”内容,希望能给2020考研考生冲刺强化备考提供帮助~
    一、倒装结构
    英语中的倒装结构一般有否定词位于句首的倒装,only位于句首的倒装,if虚拟条件句的省略倒装,以及为了强调而进行的倒装等。倒装结构一般需要还原句子的正常语序来翻译。
    考研试题例句(2009年,47题):Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
    句子结构:本题是only放于句首的倒装句,而且含有两个倒装句,还原为正常语序为The by-product of the institution was noted only gradually and this effect was still more gradually considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
    参考译文:人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品,而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。
    二、比较结构
    比较结构是考研英语的重点,也是考研英语翻译的难点。此处将比较结构常考短语分类总结,便于考生记忆和掌握。
    (1)平级比较
    常见短语:as…as, not so much as
    考研试题例句(2005年,46题):Never before has television served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
    句子结构:never表否定含义,本句话包含了not so much as的比较结构。这个结构有两种形式,一种是A not so much… as B,这是两个对象的比较,意思是"A不像B那么…";另一种结构是not so much A as B,这是同一个对象的两个方面的比较,表示否定A肯定B,意思是"不是A是B;与其说A不如说B"。本句是第一种结构,比较的是before和the recent events。
    参考译文:在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
    (2)than的比较结构
    常见短语:形容词比较级+than,more than,less than,no more than,no less than, not any more than,not any less than等。
    ★more than,less than结构
    more A than B的比较结构,是肯定A否定B;less A than B和not so much A as B表示同一个含义,否定A肯定B,译为"不是A是B;与其说A不如B"。
    ★not any more than,no more than,not any less than,no less than结构
    这四个比较结构中not和no的否定含义不同,not否定的是具体、部分,而no否定的是抽象、全部。
    no more...than... (=not any more...than...)结构中no否定的是全部,指两个比较对象"都不…";同理,no less...than... (=not less ...than...)的比较结构指两个比较对象"都…"。
    考研试题例句(2006年,49题):But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
    句子结构:本句包含比较结构not any more than,相当于no more than,表示两者都否定,译为"都不"。比较的对象是to think about the moral code和to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。
    参考译文:他的主要任务不是去思考道德准则,正如人们不应该期待商人去致力于探索商业行为规范一样。
    

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