4. 若不能在句中找出不定式动作的执行者,更不能在不定式前加上for sb.作为逻辑主语,就应用被动式。 例句:
His homework needs to ____ (填finish)soon.
当然,像want、need、require这类动词后面还可以跟动名词的主动形式来表被动意义。在上句中不定式的动作finish找不到执行者,也不能在to前面加for sb.结构,故只能用不定式的被动式。
5. 在以have为主要动词的句型中,若不定式是说明主语要执行的动作,就用主动式;若不定式是说明宾语或其前面的逻辑主语所处的状态,就用被动式。比较:
a. I have something to send. 我要寄些东西。
b. I have something to be sent. 我有些东西要寄。
在a句中,主语I是将要执行不定式to send表示的动作,故不定式用主动式;在b句只是说明something所处的不定式to be sent的这种状态,其执行者有可能是I也有可能是别人,故用被动式。
看下面这道高考真题:
With a lot of difficult problems ____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002 上海高考)
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
在“with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,若宾语补足语是不定式(作定语),不定式所表示的动作将要发生,且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者,此时不定式须用主动式。当然,也可以通过能不能加for sb.结构判断。
真题:
(2010江西,32)There were many talented actors out there just waiting ____.
A. To discover
B. To be discovered
C. Discovered
D. Being discovered
(2010四川)In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ____.
A. To deal with
B. Dealing with
C. To be dealt with
D. Dealt with
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