高考英语阅读终极讲解:——藏在题干里的秘密
一、是浆糊还是规则?
阅读本篇文章的第一步是要问自己一个问题:在做阅读时,我脑子里是有清晰的规则和方法,还是一团浆糊、逆来顺受、不知所措?
而这个问题的答案,就是优等生和中等生最终的差距所在。
我们首先要明确几个要点:
1、阅读的目的是做题,做对题
这意味着什么? 意味着我们必须先看题干,再读文本,而不是反其道而行之。
2、提取的信息不是鸡零狗碎
我们都知道阅读考察学生提取关键信息的能力,既然是关键信息,就应该出现在明显的位置上,而不是某个字里行间、密林深处,让你一眼两眼都看不到的地方。因此,找特殊最关键。
3、顺序做题
高考英语阅读题目的设置与阅读顺序基本是一致的,这一点在广大师生当中已经广为皆知。所以,强迫症患者切忌反复从头再来式的阅读。 另一点,高效的做题顺序应该大致是:题干—文本—选项—文本—答案。
二、真题题干解析——关键词定位
1.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino? 2021•全国甲卷•B
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition. D. She is sensitive to heat.
这个题干,我们应该看到这几个关键词: Paul Beer(大写词),the new-born rhino(对象词、次定位词),say(次定位词)。 大写词汇是天然的定位词,人名、地名、组织机构名、概念现象理论名称等都会以大写形式出现,这些词就是定位的关键。
确定关键词后,开始读文本,先找Paul Beer,在第二段找到一处,
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
在看完第二段第一句后,就可以确定,题目的出处就是这里。为什么这么确定呢?因为在这里对人名Paul Beer进行了同位语补充信息(划线部分),对名字进行类似以上同位语信息说明的,往往意味着是关键词的第一次出现,而本题又是第二道题目,顺序比较靠前,按照顺序出题原则,两者照应的几率极高。这时,又出现了第二定位词(said),said就是say,在找动词定位词的时候要注意,时态和非谓语的变形都属于“原形”的范畴,所以无论是said,还是saying\ to say\has said 等等,都应该看作就是say。进行到这一步,我们就该回到题目,去看选项。通过4个选项可知,主语的表述皆为 she, 可以推测是把对象词the new-born rhino用人称代词she 代替了, 然后继续阅读文本,在第二行(斜体字)找到第一处she , 通过内容就可以确定答案一定就是此处了。当然,正确选项和原文本有同义表述(高频考察方式)现象存在,healthy和strong=be in good condition。
2.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have? 2021•全国甲卷•B(相似题干What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common? 2021•全国甲卷•A)
A.They had their first born in January.
B.B. They enjoyed exploring new places.
C.They lived with their grandmothers.
D. They were brought to the reserve young.
确定关键词 Solio(第一大写词)和Kisima(第二大写词),分别在第二段Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.
和第三段The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32 kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
根据题干次定位词similar,找关于两者的相关描述,在A选项里有关于时间的描述 in January,时间和地点无论是在题干还是选项当中都是极其重要的信息,因为这些属于“硬性证据”,轻易不会发生改变,所以针对有时间和地点出现的选项,可以首先甄别判断。
在第二关键词附近,也就是第三段第二句,也是关键词出现的本句,找到关键信息January 5, 但在第一关键词附近没有相关信息。
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