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高中英语必备基础句型和时态,一定要掌握!

http://www.newdu.com 参加讨论 2019/6/12

必背句型
    句型1:There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语
    There're three books on the table.
    桌子上有三本书。
    句型2:What's wrong with+sb./sth.?
    What's wrong with your telephone?
    你的手机有什么毛病?
    
    句型3:How do you like…?
    How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?
    句型4:What do you like about…?
    What do you like about China?
    你喜欢中国的什么?
    句型5:had better(not)+动词原形
    You'd better ask that policeman over there.
    你最好去问问那边的那个警察。
    句型7:Thank+sb.+for (doing) sth.
    Thank you for coming to see me.
    感谢你来看我。
    句型8:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语
    He is a student. So am I.
    他是一个学生,我也是。
    句型9:not…until…
    He didn't have supper until his parents came back.
    直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。
    句型10:比较级十and+比较级
    The baby cried harder and harder.
    那孩子哭得越来越厉害。
    句型11:the+比较级,the+比较级
    The more one has,the more one wants.
    拥有的越多,想要的越多。
    句型12:…as+adj./adv.+as…
    …not as(so)+adj./adv.+as…
    Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today.
    上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。
    句型13:more/less +adj.+than…
    I think art is less important than music.
    我认为艺术不如音乐重要。
    句型14:stop…from doing sth.
    The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
    绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。
    句型15:both…and…
    Both you and I are students.
    我和你都是学生。
    句型16:either…or…
    Either you or he is wrong.
    不是你错就是他错。
    句型17:neither…nor…
    Neither he nor I am a student.
    我和他都不是学生。
    句型18:…as soon as…
    As soon as I see him, I'll give him the message.
    我一见到他就把你的消息告诉他。
    句型19:so+adj./adv.+that…
    I was so tired that I didn't want to speak.
    我累得连话也不想说了。
    句型20:Though…十主句
    Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time.
    虽然我喜欢给笔友写信,但它要耗费我大量时间。
    句型21:be going to
    This afternoon I'm going to buy an English book.
    今天下午我要去买本英语书。
    句型22:be different from
    I think this is different from Chinese names.
    我认为这与汉语名字不同。
    句型23:Welcome (back) to…
    Welcome back to school!
    欢迎回到学校!
    句型24:have fun doing
    We're going to have fun learning English this term.
    这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习讲英语。
    句型25:…because…/…, so..…
    I don't know all your names because this is our first lesson.
    因为这是我们的第一节课,所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。
    句型26:Why don't you…/ Why not…?
    Why don't you come to school a little earlier?
    为什么不早点到校呢?
    句型27:make it
    Let's make it half past nine.
    让我们定在九点半吧!
    句型28:have nothing to do
    They have nothing to do every day.
    他们每天无所事事。
    句型29:be sure/be sure of/ about sth. /be sure to do sth.
    I was not sure of/about the way, so I asked someone.
    我对于怎么走没有把握,所以我问别人了。
    句型30:between…and…
    There is a shop between the hospital and the school.
    在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。
    句型31:keep sb. /sth. +adj. /V-ing /介词补语 /adv.
    You must keep your classroom clean.
    你们必须保持教室干净。
    Sorry to have kept you waiting.
    对不起,让你久等。
    句型32:find+宾语+宾补
    He finds it very hard to travel around the big city.他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。
    句型33:…not…any more / longer
    The old man doesn't travel any more.
    这位老人不再旅行了。
    句型34:What's the weather like…?
    What's the weather like in spring in your hometown?
    在你们家乡,春天天气怎么样?
    句型35:There is no time to do/have no time to do
    There was no time to think.
    没有时间思考。
    I have no time to go home for lunch.
    我没有时间回家吃午饭。
    句型36:Help oneself to…
    Help yourself to some fish.
    吃鱼吧!
    句型37:used to do
    I used to read this kind of story books.
    我过去常读这种故事书。
    句型38:borrow…from
    I borrowed a book from him.
    我从他那借了一本书。
    句型39:lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.
    He lent me a story book/He lent a story book to me.
    他借了本故事书给我。
    句型40:have been to
    Have you ever been to Hawaii?
    你曾去过夏威夷吗?
    句型41:have gone to
    Where's he? He's gone to Washington.
    他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。
    句型42:be famous for
    Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。
    句型43:No matter+疑问句+主句
    No matter when you come,you are welcomed.
    无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎。
    句型44:be afraid (of/to do/that..)
    Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.
    当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。
    句型45:…as…as possible/…as…as sb. can
    I hope to see him as soon as possible.
    我希望能尽快见到他。
    He ran here as fast as he could.
    他尽最大努力跑到这儿。
    句型46:practise /enjoy/finish doing
    Tom enjoys playing football very much.
    汤姆很喜欢踢足球。
    He finished reading the story book.
    他看完了那本故事书。
    句型47:ask sb. (not) to do sth.
    Her mother ask her to clean the room.
    她妈妈叫她打扫房间。
    句型48:be worth (doing) …
    This book is worth reading.
    这本书值得读。
    句型49:seem to do / seem +adj. / (介词短语)
    He seems to be angry.
    他似乎生气了。
    The house seems too noisy.
    这房子似乎太吵了。
    句型50:It's said that…
    It's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.
    据说大白鲨是最危险的鲨鱼之一。
    8 大时态结构
    一、一般现在时
    1、概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;事实真理。
    2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.
    3.基本结构:主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
    4.否定形式:主语+am / is / are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
    5.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does,同时,还原行为动词。
    eg:
    ①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。
    ②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。
    ③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。
    二、一般过去时
    1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
    2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.
    3.基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词
    4.否定形式:主语+was / were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
    5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
    eg:
    ①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。
    ②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你这么忙。
    三、一般将来时
    1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
    2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.
    3.基本结构:主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主语+will / shall+do+其它
    4.否定形式:主语+am /is/ are not going to+do;主语+will / shall not do+其它
    5.一般疑问句:be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大写)
    eg:
    ①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。
    ②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
    四、一般过去将来时
    1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
    2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
    3.基本结构:主语+was / were+going to+do+其它;主语+would / should+do+其它
    4.否定形式:主语+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主语+would/should+not+do.
    5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首
    eg:
    ①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去北京。
    ②I asked who was going there. 我问,谁要去那里。
    五、现在进行时
    1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
    2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.
    3.基本结构:主语+be+doing+其它
    4.否定形式:主语+be+not+doing+其它
    5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
    eg:
    ①Are you feeling good today?你今天感觉如何?
    ②He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。
    六、过去进行时
    1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
    2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
    3.基本结构: 主语+was / were+doing+其它
    4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
    5.一般疑问句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
    eg:
    ①At that time she was working in a company. 那段时间她在一家公司工作。
    ②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他进来时,我正在读报纸。
    七、现在完成时
    1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
    2.时间状语:yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.
    3.基本结构:主语+have / has+过去分词+其它
    4.否定形式:主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它
    5.一般疑问句:have 或 has 放句首。
    eg:
    ①I've written an article. 我已经写了一篇论文。
    ②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。
    八、过去完成时
    1.概念:过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
    2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.
    3.基本结构:had+done.
    4.否定形式:had+not+done.
    5.一般疑问句:had 放于句首。
    6.用法:
    (1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
    eg:
    She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。
    (2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
    eg:
    ①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
    (3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。
    eg:
    ①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
    ②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
    (注意: had hardly… when... 刚......就......)
    ③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
    (注意:had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……)
    

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