高考阅读理解题的题型一般分为客观问题(即:用when/who/why/what/which等Wh及How的方式提出问题的题)和主观问题(即:必须经过对作者的意图、态度以及对整篇文章进行深层的推断和判断才能回答问题的题)两种题型。高考英语阅读理解在高考试卷中计分约占四分之一,共有五篇短文,二十个选项,每个选项2分,共40分。因此,做好阅读理解题是高考英语得高分的关键。所以考生在考前进行大量的阅读训练很重要,一般来说,考生每天至少要读四篇左右适合高三学生阅读的短文。其次,学生在学习英语的过程中扩大词汇量,开阔视野,扩大知识面,了解各种信息,积累习惯用法以及习语、俚语等,也很重要。这有助于考生轻易的读懂每一篇短文。因此,一个有经验的教师在教学过程中就应该在学生扩大词汇量,开阔视野,扩大知识面,了解各种信息,积累习惯用法以及习语、俚语等上下功夫。在阅读的过程中,考生要全面理解文章的深层内涵,准确领悟文章的中心思想。透过词语表面含义,理解其引申的深层内涵。根据短文所提供的具体材料,找出相关信息,进行分析计算。阅读短文时,注意上下文中所提供信息的内在联系,才能做出合乎逻辑的正确推理与判断。
在答题时,一般来说先看问题,后读短文比较节约时间。在阅读的过程中难免会遇到一些生词。如果遇到生词,可根据上下文的含义、同义词、反义词或定义等线索猜词义,有时,你根本不需要知道某个单词的中文意思,你只需知道它是一样物品或是动作既可答题。
在阅读时应先留意标题,因为,标题是整篇短文主题的高度凝聚,它能给予考生启示和想象有利于对短文的理解,能提高做题的效率。在阅读时,边看边思索,同时,用铅笔做一些记号。这样,读完一遍后,对整篇文章的脉络就清楚了。其次,在答完题之后,还要再次跳读文章一遍,进一步核实所有答案。与问题关系不大的细节可一带而过,但对有关的句子,就要仔细查看一遍,务必将每道题落实,力求准确无误。
在临考前最后阶段,我们一起来突破阅读三大瓶颈问题:
问题一:已经找对了题干与原文对应处,为何还做错?
原因:
① 精确定位:要看清真正的问题,即用信息词定位之后,要看清句子逻辑关系,弄清意思。
② 学会看选项的方法:
a找最贴近原文意思的选项;
b去除选项间的相同信息,专门关注区别点;
c 分清褒贬;
d 分清程度大小,强烈关注选项中表内容的单词。如同为贬义,则一般挑那个程度小的选项;
e 看清范围,分清是整体还是局部。”
特别关注:在动词意义相近的情况下,千万关注其涉及的名词!!因为选项中的名词一般都与原文中的名词一样,很难做替换。
例1: “I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how can cercells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But ,”he cautions,“ some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”(94全国统考试题)
Q: The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to (D)
[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade.
[B]indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright.
[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years.
[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered.
解析:Pasteur是关键词,在文章中先找到Pasteur很容易,这样就确定了所考的段落。由于篇幅所限,本文没有引证所有的段落。通读全文,大家会进一步体会到这种方法的好处的。正确理解提到Pasteur的相关句子便可知道:治愈癌症还要等很多年。所以答案是[D]。
③如何判断选项:
a 在遇到两个意思很相近的选项时:特别是假设A选项正确,还能推出B选项也正确的时候,究竟选哪个?要选B选项!!因为通常B选项的范围包括了A,即B大于A,所以B正确。
特别关注:原文、问题、选项三者相比较,重要性最高的是问题!其次是选项!最后是原文!
b 只挑最好的:对应的好于不知道的,不知道的好于不对应的。
所谓“不对应的”是指:能明确确定该选项与题目要求不符;
所谓“不知道的”是指:在实战中以自身水平无法明确判断该选项的意思是否在原文出现过以及能否对应于题目。
考场心态:必要性思维——正确选项未必能充分完整地表达原文意思,而只要沾边即可。反之,不沾边的必错!
c 根据内容沾边客观地决定最佳选项,因此最佳选项是通过在四个选项中比较得出的,而非直接凭自己对原文的推断得出,注意不要推!
正确选项常常是原文长难句的简单化解释:难句是所有考试必考的内容。难句之所以难有三方面的原因:A)句子结构复杂;表达抽象;C)词难。所以很多题目都围绕着难句做文章,通常使用简单的结构或词汇对难句做浅显、具体的解释。
例2:Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one‘s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.” (04年高考阅读理解)
Q: Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person (C)
[A] whose front view is fully perceived.
[B]whose face is covered with a mask.
[C] whose face is seen from the side.
[D] whose face is free of any covering.
解析:本题presented in profile中,profile这里的词义是“侧面像”,所以[C]whose face is seen from the side“从侧面看去”正确。 (接下页)